问题

sudo apt update


sudo apt upgrade


sudo apt dist-upgrade


sudo apt-get autoremove


sudo apt install update-manager-core


sudo do-release-upgrade -d

然后我重新启动后更新和升级命令，存在许多无法满足的依赖关系和损坏的包的问题 sudo apt-get -f install 命令无法修复，更新sudo apt install -f输出的第一部分错误日志为：

 Reading package lists...


Building dependency tree...


Reading state information...


Correcting dependencies... failed.


The following packages have unmet dependencies:


 gnome-calendar : Depends: gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.21.2) but 3.18.1-1ubuntu1 is installed


 gnome-session : Depends: gnome-shell (>= 3.25.91-0ubuntu4~) but it is not installed


 Depends: gnome-session-bin (>= 3.28.1-0ubuntu2) but 3.18.1.2-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 is installed


 Depends: gnome-session-common (= 3.28.1-0ubuntu2) but 3.18.1.2-1ubuntu1.16.04.2 is installed


 Depends: xwayland but it is not installed


 Recommends: fonts-cantarell but it is not installed


 Recommends: adwaita-icon-theme-full


 Recommends: gnome-themes-extra but it is not installed


 gnome-settings-daemon : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.17.92) but it is not installed


 Depends: gsettings-desktop-schemas (>= 3.20) but 3.18.1-1ubuntu1 is installed


 hplip : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3 is installed


 libc-dev-bin : Depends: libc6 (< 2.24) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed


 libc6-dbg : Depends: libc6 (= 2.23-0ubuntu10) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed


 libc6-dev : Depends: libc6 (= 2.23-0ubuntu10) but 2.27-3ubuntu1 is installed


 libgmime-3.0-0 : Depends: libgpgme11 (>= 1.7.0) but 1.6.0-1 is installed


 libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:5.1.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~xenial3) but 1:6.0.3-0ubuntu1 is installed


 libreoffice-base-core : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:5.1.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~xenial3) but 1:6.0.3-0ubuntu1 is installed


 libreoffice-calc : Depends: libreoffice-base-core (= 1:6.0.3-0ubuntu1) but 1:5.1.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~xenial3 is installed


 Depends: liborcus-0.13-0 (>= 0.13.3) but it is not installed


 libreoffice-core : Depends: libgpgmepp6 (>= 1.10.0) but it is not installed


 Depends: liborcus-0.13-0 (>= 0.13.3) but it is not installed


 Depends: libpoppler73 (>= 0.62.0) but it is not installed


 Depends: libxmlsec1 (>= 1.2.25) but it is not installed


 Depends: libxmlsec1-nss (>= 1.2.25) but it is not installed


 libreoffice-gnome : Depends: libreoffice-gtk3 but it is not installed


 libreoffice-gtk : Depends: libreoffice-gtk2 but it is not installed


 libreoffice-math : Depends: libreoffice-core (= 1:5.1.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~xenial3) but 1:6.0.3-0ubuntu1 is installed


 libreoffice-writer : Depends: libreoffice-base-core (= 1:6.0.3-0ubuntu1) but 1:5.1.6~rc2-0ubuntu1~xenial3 is installed


 Depends: libabw-0.1-1 but it is not installed


 Depends: libepubgen-0.1-1 (>= 0.1.0) but it is not installed


 libtotem0 : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.17.92) but it is not installed


 libwayland-egl1-mesa : Depends: libegl1 but it is not installed


 libwebkitgtk-1.0-0 : Depends: libjavascriptcoregtk-1.0-0 (= 2.4.11-0ubuntu0.1) but 2.4.11-3ubuntu3 is installed


 Depends: libwebkitgtk-1.0-common (>= 2.4.11) but it is not installable


 nautilus : Depends: libgnome-desktop-3-17 (>= 3.18.1) but it is not installed


 python3-brlapi : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3 is installed


 python3-cffi-backend : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3 is installed


 python3-crypto : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3 is installed

和

E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, 


this may be caused by held packages. 

在Synaptic中尝试修复损坏的软件包会产生以下错误消息：

E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, 


this may be caused by held packages. 

答案1

我也有同样的问题，必须编辑/var/lib/dpkg/status，并清除依赖：这是唯一让apt-get install -f再次工作的做法。

答案2

这里有一些尝试。

方法一：

这是最简单的方法，不要使用sudo apt-get install PACKAGENAME （其中PACKAGENAME是你要在apt系统上尝试安装的软件包），而应使用sudo apt-get install -f，-f参数将尝试更正依赖性损坏的系统，在此之后，你将能够安装有问题的包。

打开终端，并键入：

sudo apt-get install -f

然后按ENTER键。

现在输入：

sudo dpkg --configure -a

然后按ENTER键。

现在再来一次：

sudo apt-get install -f

方法二：

Aptitude是apt-get 的替代品，你可以用作高级软件包管理器，

打开终端，并键入：

sudo apt-get install aptitude

然后按ENTER键。

现在输入：

sudo aptitude install PACKAGENAME

然后按ENTER键。

PACKAGENAME是你要安装的软件包，这将尝试通过aptitude而不是apt-get，安装软件包，它可能修复不满足的依赖问题。

如果这些不起作用

损坏的软件包可能被锁定，需要删除，要删除锁定的文件，请打开终端，并键入：

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

然后按ENTER键。

锁定的文件可能还需要在缓存目录中删除，为此，打开终端，并键入：

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock