问题

我尝试安装nodejs和npm，

sudo apt-get install -f nodejs npm


Reading package lists... Done


Building dependency tree 


Reading state information... Done


Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have


requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable


distribution that some required packages have not yet been created


or been moved out of Incoming.


The following information may help to resolve the situation:



The following packages have unmet dependencies:


 nodejs : Conflicts: npm


E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

/etc/apt/sources.list的输出如下：

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 13.04 _Raring Ringtail_ - Release amd64 (20130424)]/ raring main restricted



# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to


# newer versions of the distribution.


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring main restricted



## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the


## distribution.


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main restricted


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates main restricted



## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu


## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any


## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring universe


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring universe


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates universe


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates universe



## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu 


## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to 


## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in 


## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu


## security team.


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring multiverse


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring multiverse


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates multiverse


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates multiverse



## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as


## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes


## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.


## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review


## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.


deb http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse


deb-src http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-backports main restricted universe multiverse



deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security main restricted


deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security main restricted


deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security universe


deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security universe


deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security multiverse


deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring-security multiverse



## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's


## 'partner' repository.


## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the


## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.


# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu raring partner


# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu raring partner



## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party


## developers who want to ship their latest software.


deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring main


deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu raring main

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/*的输出如下：

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/chris-lea/node.js/ubuntu raring main


# deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/chris-lea/node.js/ubuntu raring main


### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###


# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.


deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main


### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###


# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.


deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main


### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###


# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.


deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main


deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free


deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free


deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free


deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free

答案1

通过以下方式查看持有的软件包列表：

apt-mark showhold

然后解开它们

sudo apt-mark unhold <package name>

之后，你应该能够删除冲突的软件包(是npm )，然后重新安装所有。

如果失败，你可以尝试aptitude方法---通常能够更好地分解依赖树。

答案2

使用aptitude而不是apt get，

sudo aptitude install myNewPackage

如果你的机器上还没有aptitude，那就安装它

sudo apt-get install aptitude

答案3

对于我来说，要解决此问题，我只需要使用以下命令先安装synaptic ，然后一切正常。

sudo apt-get install synaptic

答案4

我发现dpkg -r允许我一个一个地删除软件包，而不会触发其他行为。

我不确定这是个好解决方案，但我处理了它，一切正常。